Journal: ADMET & DMPK

Article Title: Anti-inflammatory potential of plant-derived extracellular vesicles from Solanum nigrum L. integrated in gelatine-dopamine hydrogel on RAW 264.7 and MC3T3 cells

doi: 10.5599/admet.3149

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration by (A) RAW 264.7 and (B) MC3T3 cells LPS induction and PDEV (2.5, 5 and 10 μg mL -1 ) treatment released from Gel-Dop hydrogel. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation (*** p < 0.001, **** p <0,0001)

Article Snippet: Other materials used in this study were Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) - high glucose, foetal bovine serum (FBS), Antibiotic-Antimycotic (ABAM), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, trehalose (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ) (Sigma-Aldrich), bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), paraformaldehyde (PFA), kit BCA Assay (PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit, Thermo Scientific), PKH67 Green Fluorescent Cell Linker Kits (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck), and Mouse Interleukin-6 (IL-6) ELISA Kit (BT Lab, Cat. No. E0049Mo).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cancer Research

Article Title: Slit2 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis by Activating M1-Like Phagocytic and Antifibrotic Macrophages

doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Slit2 reduces the expression of IL6, thereby inhibiting TAMs activity. A, Total RNA of CD11bþ cells sorted from rSlit2-N PBS-treated MMTV-PyMT tumorswas subjected to gene expression analysis using NanoString technology. The heatmap shows differentially expressed top genes. B, Total RNA was isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing Slit2 (231-Slit2) or vector control (231-vec) and analyzed for gene expression using microarray technology. The heatmap shows differentially expressed top genes. C, 231-Slit2 or 231-Vec cells CM was subjected to cytokine array analysis. The representative image shows differentially expressed molecules. D, The graph shows levels of IL6 in CM derived from 231-Sli2 or Vec CM detected by ELISA. E, Expression of Robo1 in MDA-MB-231 cells transduced with lentivirus expressing siRNA specific to Robo1 (si-Robo1) or control (si-ctrl) by Western blot. F, b-actin was used as loading control. MDA-MB-231 parental control, si-Robo1, or si-ctrl from E was treated with rSlit2-N or PBS and phosphorylation at p65 of NFkB (p-NFkB) or total NFkB (t-NFkB) was analyzed. G, Graph showing levels of IL6 in si-Robo1 or si-ctrl MDA-MB-231 cells treated with rSlit2-N or PBS detected by ELISA (n ¼ 3 each group). H, BMDMs were pretreated with serum-free CM (CTRL), or 231-Slit2 CM or 231-Vec CM or 231-Vec CM preincubated with IL6 nAb (231-Vec þ IL6nAb) or IL6 nAb. After 2 hours, pH-Rhodo–labeled S. Aureus particles were added to the cells and recombinant IL6 was added to the 231-Slit2 CM cells (231-Slit2-rIL6). The kinetics of S. Aureus phagocytosis was analyzed using a fluorescence plate reader at every 15 minutes up to 4 hours. , P < 0.05; , P < 0.01; , P < 0.001 using Student t test.

Article Snippet: The cells were pretreated with mouse rSlit2-N (100 ng/mL) or IL6 neutralization antibody (BioXCell# BE0046) for 2 hours.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Gene Expression, Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Microarray, Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transduction, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Labeling, Recombinant

Journal: BMB Reports

Article Title: Effects of α-lipoic acid on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the regulation of BV-2 microglial cells activation

doi: 10.5483/BMBRep.2019.52.10.026

Figure Lengend Snippet: α-LA inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated BV-2 microglial cells. (A) Effects of α-LA on cell viability. BV-2 microglial cells were incubated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 30 min followed by treatment with the indicated concentrations of α-LA for 24 h. Thereafter, cell viability was assessed through the MTT assay. (B and C) BV-2 microglial cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/ml) for 30 min followed by treatment with the indicated concentrations of α-LA at the suggested times. The cell-free conditioned culture medium was collected and analyzed with ELISA for TNF-α, IL-6. Data from three independent experiments are presented as means ± S.D. *≤ 0.05, **< 0.01, ***< 0.001 and are related to both LPS-induced cells and α-LA treated cells.

Article Snippet: Both TNF-α and IL-6 were quantitatively measured through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the mouse TNF-α and IL-6 DuoSet ELISA kit (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, MTT Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay